How to prepare for surgery

  Few structures of human anatomy are as unique as the hand can be divided into several different categories that includes joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Today we will talk about bones, tendons, and muscles.  Let's start with bones. The bones in your forearm are called the Ulna and Radius, those bones then connect to your wrist or Carpal bones, which connect to your Metacarpal bone of your palm and then your Phalanges or fingers. An interesting thing about the hand is that there are no muscles in your hand at all only tendons. The tendons in your hand connect to the muscles in your forearm, that is why when you wiggle your fingers your forearm moves because when the muscle flexes in your arm it pulls or releases the tendons and makes your finger move.

Hiking has and continues to be one of my favorite activities during the Covid shutdowns. Right now I have been focusing on hiking the PCT, Pacific Crest Trail! I have hiked around 50 miles of the total 2,650 miles, starting from the US/Mexico border and going north. In my hiking I have encountered a few injuries such as blisters and sore muscles and been trying to make sure I am prepared to prevent dehydration. Here are some tips and tricks on how to avoid or to be prepared if you get them.  Blisters First blisters, one way to avoid them is to have shoes that fit your feet well, if you do get blisters moleskin or duct tape is great to put on your feet and just to let your feet rest. Sore Muscles A few ways to avoid this is to eat bananas and to stretch before and after hiking. Also working out regularly before starting a long hike and taking an anti-inflammatory medication such as Tylenol before and after your hike. (You can cut the pill in half and do half before and the other ha...

  What happens when you crack your knuckles? Well that popping sound is literally the action of tiny bubbles popping between your joints. In between your joints you have something called Synovial fluid, it kind of looks like an egg yolk. And when you stretch your joints, a gas is released and forms tiny little bubbles and when you compress or “crack” your knuckles you hear the popping of those bubbles. If I crack my knuckles will I get develop arthritis? A study conducted by Donald L. Unger where over the course of 60 years he cracked all his knuckles in his left hand and at the end of the time period he found out that he had the same amount of arthritis in his left as he had in his right, many other studies have been conducted and no negative medical effects have been reported, but one piece of advice... some people don't like to hear cracking your knuckles.

  The stomach is basically an enlarged pouch-like tube. It is located on the left side of the upper abdomen and shaped somewhat like an oversized comma. The upper-left part of the stomach near the opening curves upward towards the diaphragm. This part is called fundus. It is usually filled with air that enters the stomach when you swallow. In the largest part of the stomach, called the body, food is mixed and broken into smaller pieces, with acidic gastric juice and enzymes. The stomach wall is made up of several layers of a mucous membrane that protects the wall from the acidic juices so it does not damage the stomach or spill out to other parts of the body. The stomach also has connective tissue with blood vessels and nerves, and muscle fibers. The muscle layer alone has three different sublayers which inturn makes it really complicated and strong. The muscles move the contents of the stomach around so vigorously that solid parts of the food are crushed and ground, and mixed into...

Well, your ear is a hearing organ with three parts: the outer, middle, and inner.  The outer ear is made of cartilage, a flexible tissue that forms the Pinna or auricle. In the canal there is the middle ear, called the tympanic cavity, which has three small bones that are connected and transmit the sound waves to the inner ear. The bones are called: Malleus, Incus, and the Stapes. These bones are not only the smallest in the human body but they use invisible sound waves to transmit sound through the inner ear to the brain. They do that because they are connected to a piece of tissue called the eardrum and it does exactly what it sounds like, the eardrum vibrates which, in turn, make all three bones vibrate and hit a nerve which sends the waves to the brain, The inner ear also consists of three parts but only one of these parts is for hearing, the Cochlea, this is the nerve we talked about that sends the waves to the brain.  But what about the other two parts? Well, the other t...

My brother once promised to donate me his liver. Turned out he was only kidneying me.... ;) What is the Liver? Well the Liver is basically a filter, for toxins, chemicals, and poisons. All the bad stuff goes to your Liver and your Liver gets rid of them but, if you drink a LOT of alcohol or consume other harmful substances, the Liver will be overworked and get sick. This means you will need a new Liver. The Liver is located in the right upper abdomen, and when doing a transplant you have to have a very large incision area and a large team.  The first thing is you must remove is the old liver, and to do that you must remove all the attachments that hold the Liver in place. Then you proceed to divide all the blood vessels that are also holding the Liver in place, including the Bile Duct, the Bile Duct is a tube that delivers bile or poison as some like to say, to the Liver for it to get rid of. Once you remove all the parts connecting to the Liver, you will get ready to add the new L...